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51.
The field of photonic crystals has, over the past few years, received dramatically increased attention. Photonic crystals are artificially engineered structures that exhibit a periodic variation in one, two, or three dimensions of the dielectric constant, with a period of the order of the pertinent light wavelength. Such structures in three dimensions should exhibit properties similar to solid-state electronic crystals, such as bandgaps, in other words wavelength regions where light cannot propagate in any direction. By introducing defects into the periodic arrangement, the photonic crystals exhibit properties analogous to those of solid-state crystals. The basic feature of a photonic bandgap was indeed experimentally demonstrated in the beginning of the 1990s, and sparked a large interest in, and in many ways revitalized, photonics research. There are several reasons for this attention. One is that photonic crystals, in their own right, offer a proliferation of challenging research tasks, involving a multitude of disciplines, such as electromagnetic theory, nanofabrication, semi-conductor technology, materials science, biotechnology, to name a few. Another reason is given by the somewhat more down-to-earth expectations that photonics crystals will create unique opportunities for novel devices and applications, and contribute to solving some of the issues that have plagued photonics such as large physical sizes, comparatively low functionality, and high costs. Herein, we will treat some basics of photonic crystal structures and discuss the state-of-the-art in fabrication as well give some examples of devices with unique properties, due to the use of photonic crystals. We will also point out some of the problems that still remain to be solved, and give a view on where photonic crystals currently stand. 相似文献
52.
Au nanoparticles were precipitated inside Au+-doped glass samples after irradiation by femtosecond laser or x-ray. Femtosecond laser and X-ray irradiation result in decreasing of anneal temperature and critical size for the precipitation of Au nanoparticles. 相似文献
53.
滕志东 《数学物理学报(A辑)》1998,18(2):169-175
该文研究周期二维Lotka-Volterra捕食食饵系统解的有界性,持续生存性以及正周期解的存在性和全局稳定性.并将结果推广到食饵有补充的周期二维Lotka-Volterra竞争系统上去,得到了一系列新的结果,改进和推广了文[1—3]的主要结论. 相似文献
54.
低温电力电子技术的发展日益得到重视,主要是由于功率器件(如功率MOSFET和IGBT等)在低温下表现出更好的性能,如更低的通态阻抗,更高的开关频率等.为了实验测试和充分利用功率器件在低温下的这些性能,急需寻找或设计可以在低温下稳定可靠工作的功率器件驱动电路.我们在对目前商业化的驱动芯片进行分析的基础上,从中挑选了三种在低温下进行实验,对其输出波形随温度的变化进行研究,首次发现了可以在-196℃(77K)稳定工作的驱动芯片,其驱动性能基本能够满足低温下驱动功率器件的要求,为功率器件低温特性测试及低温功率变换电路的设计奠定了坚实的基础. 相似文献
55.
CONE-DIRECTED CONTINGENT DERIVATIVES AND GENERALIZED PREINVEX SET-VALUED OPTIMIZATION 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
丘京辉 《数学物理学报(B辑英文版)》2007,27(1):211-218
By using cone-directed contingent derivatives, the unified necessary and suffi-cient optimality conditions are given for weakly and strongly minimal elements respectively in generalized preinvex set valued optimization. 相似文献
56.
57.
Li-gan Qiu 《化学物理学报》2006,19(4):347-351
58.
Cu nanotube arrays were fabricated by electroless deposition using porous anodic aluminium oxide membranes as templates. This was accomplished by a four-step procedure, i.e. pore-wall modification, polishing treatment, sensitization-activation and electroless deposition. The as-synthesized Cu nanotubes possess controllable inner diameter and open ends. 相似文献
59.
The universal magneto-optic (MO) coupled-mode equations for magnetostatic waves (MSWs) and guided optical waves (GOWs) under arbitrarily tilted bias magnetic fields are presented for the first time and, as an example, applied to the noncollinear Stokes interaction between the incident TE0-mode light and magnetostatic backward volume wave (MSBVW) excited by single-element microstrip line transducer in yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) film. Our calculation indicates that, for the case of magnetization parallel to the MSBVW propagation direction, the diffraction efficiency (DE) is equal to the mode-conversion efficiency of the diffracted lights (MCDE) and the calculated curve of relative DE for the MSBVW-based MO Bragg cell in pure YIG waveguide is in good agreement with the experimental data. In contrast, the diffraction performance can be greatly improved by optimizing the bias magnetic field and the DE gain can be increased by 6.3 dB in the tangentially magnetized film. The angular dependences of the DE and the corresponding Bragg angle upon the magnetization direction are also discussed in the paper. 相似文献
60.
Xingping Qiu Svetlana A. Sukhishvili 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(1):183-191
Free‐radical copolymerizations of N‐vinylcaprolactam (VCL) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were investigated to synthesize temperature‐responsive reactive copolymers with minimized compositional heterogeneity. The average copolymer composition was determined by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The reactivity ratios for VCL and GMA were found to be 0.0365 ± 0.0009 and 6.44 ± 0.36 by the Fineman–Ross method and 0.039 ± 0.006 and 6.75 ± 0.29 by the Kelen–Tudos method, respectively. When prepared by batch polymerization, VCL–GMA copolymers had a highly heterogeneous composition and fractions of different solubilities in water. The use of a gradual feeding technique, which included the sequential addition of more reactive GMA monomer into the reaction, yielded copolymers with much more homogeneous composition. The produced copolymers with 0.9 and 0.11 fractional GMA contents preserved their temperature‐responsive properties and precipitated from aqueous solutions when the temperature exceeded 31 °C. The GMA units in the VCL–GMA copolymers were capable of reacting with amino end‐functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) at room temperature to produce poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam)–poly(ethylene oxide) graft copolymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 183–191, 2006 相似文献